El pollo de venta al pormenor en la Ciudad de México como reservorio de Salmonella enterica de importancia en salud pública Salmonella multirresistente en pollo a la venta en Ciudad de México
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El objetivo fue caracterizar el perfil fenotípico y genotípico de resistencia a antimicrobianos (RAM) en Salmonella enterica (SE) aislada de pollo en la Ciudad de México, así como el evaluar la relevancia epidemiológica de los aislamientos obtenidos. Se tomaron muestras de muslo y pierna de pollo en 160 puntos de venta (supermercados y pollerías). Se detectó SE en el pollo que se expende en la mayor parte de las alcaldías de la capital (13/16), con una frecuencia global de contaminación de 22 % (35/160). Se obtuvieron 39 aislamientos de nueve serotipos, siendo Infantis el más frecuente (n = 21). Las muestras positivas a SE se asociaron con el tipo de establecimiento. La frecuencia de contaminación fue más alta en las pollerías (28 %) que en los supermercados (13 %). Este fenómeno se asoció con la presencia de moscas en contacto con el pollo y la falta de refrigeración (P < 0.0001, prueba exacta de Fisher). Se observó resistencia a azitromicina en 39 % de los aislamientos, mientras que 69 % fue multidrogorresistente (MDR) y portó genes de RAM para múltiples clases de antibióticos: blaCMY-2, blaCARB-2, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, qnrAB, gyrA, mph(A), tetA, floR y varios alelos de aac, aadA, aph, sul, dfrA, fosA. Los aislamientos de todos los serotipos, excepto Mbandaka (n = 1), mostraron clonalidad (0–23 SNPs) con cepas clínicas de Estados Unidos de América. En conjunto, los resultados evidencian el papel del pollo como reservorio de cepas de SE de gran relevancia epidemiológica y con fenotipos MDR.
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