Alterations of serum and urine analytes in diabetic dogs: 30 cases report

Abstract

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DESCRIBE ALTERATIONS IN BLOOD CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND URINALYSIS WHICH ENABLE TO ESTABLISH THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN DOGS. THIRTY CASES OF DIABETIC DOGS WERE ANALYZED. THE INCLUSION CRITERIA WERE THE FOLLOWING: HYPERGLYCEMIA ABOVE 14 MMOL/L, GLUCOSURIA, URINE DENSITY ABOVE 1.014 AND POLYURIA-POLYDIPSIA. DOGS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS, FROM 7 MONTHS TO 14 YEARS OF AGE AND BOTH GENDERS (73.3% FEMALES AND 26.7% MALES) WERE STUDIED. THE MOST FREQUENT BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN BLOOD SERUM WERE: HYPERGLYCEMIA (100%), INCREASED UREA (46%) AND CREATININE (13%), INCREASE OF ENZYME ACTIVITIES ALT (50%), AST (46%), ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (56%), AMYLASE (20%), CREATINE KINASE (66%); HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA (66%), HYPERGLOBULINEMIA (33%), HYPERPHOSPHOREMIA (33%), HYPERKALIEMIA (43%), HYPONATREMIA (16%), HYPOCHLOREMIA (46%), HYPOBICARBONATEMIA (50%), INCREASED ANION GAP (53%), INCREASED STRONG ION DIFFERENCE (30%), INCREASED SERUM OSMOLALITY (23%) AND HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA (50%). THE URINE DENSITY WAS BETWEEN 1.015 AND 1.064, MEAN VALUE OF URINE GLUCOSE 49 MMOL/L. URINE KETONE BODIES WERE DETECTED IN 10% OF ALL CASES. DESCRIBED ALTERATIONS IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY ARE IMPORTANT FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, CLINICAL CARE, AND PROGNOSIS OF DOGS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS.