Lesiones macroscópicas gastrointestinales y renales en pollos de engorda, criados con niveles altos de proteína de soya en la dieta

Abstract

WITH THE GOAL OF EVALUATING THE POSSIBLE LESIONS IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF BROILERS, AND THEIR POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP WITH A SYNDROME CHARACTERIZED FOR LOW WEIGHT GAIN, ELIMINATION OF UNDIGESTED FEED IN THE FAECES AND ORANGE SNOT THAT IN MEXICO HAS REPRESENTED LOSSES FOR THE POULTRY INDUSTRY, AN EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED WITH BROILERS. THE EXPERIMENT TESTED THE USAGE OF INCLUDING DIETS HIGH IN PROTEIN: WITH SORGHUM SOYBEAN MEAL (T3:26% AND T4:30%) IN COMPARISON TO TWO CONTROL DIETS LOW IN PROTEIN, ONE USING SORGHUM SOYBEAN MEAL (T2:22%), AND ANOTHER ONE WITH SORGHUM, SUNFLOWER MEAL AND CORN GLUTEN MEAL (T1:22%). A COMPLETELY RANDOM DESIGN WAS USED WITH FOUR TREATMENTS BY TRIPLICATE OF TWELVE CHICKENS EACH. AT 51 DAYS OF AGE, DIFFERENCES WERE NOT REGISTERED REGARDING PERFORMANCE AND MORTALITY. SERIC URIC ACID VALUES WERE HIGHER (P < 0.05) IN THE TREATMENTS WITH HIGH PROTEIN LEVELS, AND ALSO GROSS LESIONS IN THE KIDNEY WERE FOUND. THE PRESENCE OF FAECES WITH MORE HUMIDITY, CRUMBLED ASPECT, HIGHER QUANTITY OF URATES, FEED GRANULES AND ORANGE SNOT WERE MORE FREQUENTLY WERE FOUND IN TREATMENTS WITH SOYBEAN (T2, T3 AND T4), AND ALSO GROSS LESIONS FOUND IN PROVENTRICULIS AND IN THE GIZZARDS. HIGHER LEVELS OF PROTEIN IN THE DIET COULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ALTERATIONS IN THE ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM. HOWEVER, OTHER FACTORS SUCH AS OIL INCLUDED OR INCREASE IN THE QUANTITY OF SOYBEAN MEAL BY THE LECTINS PRESENCE, COULD HAVE CAUSED INDIGESTION PROBLEMS. HOWEVER, PATHOLOGICAL LEVELS OF URIC ACID IN BLOOD WERE NOT REACHED (20 MG/DL) UNDER THESE PROTEIN LEVELS. RESULTS OBTAINED CONFIRM THAT THE SYNDROME OF RAPID PASSAGE OF INGESTA IS A MULTIFACTORIAL PROBLEM.