Genetic changes detected in the internal genes of porcine influenza viruses isolated in Mexico

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Víctor Manuel Carrera Aguirre
Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510, Distrito Federal, México
María del Carmen Mercado-García
Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510, Distrito Federal, México
María Elena Trujillo-Ortega
Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510, Distrito Federal, México
Susana Elisa Mendoza-Elvira
Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campo Cuatro, Km. 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, CP. 54714.
Pavel Isa-Haspra
Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210.
Luis Felipe Paulin-Paz
Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210.
Carlos Federico Arias-Ortiz
Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210.
José Iván Sánchez-Betancourt
Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510, Distrito Federal, México.

Abstract

To date, only one report has been published in Mexico detailing the genetic changes and evolutionary divergence in the so-called internal genes basic polymerase-one (PB1), basic polymerase-two (PB2), polymerase acid (PA), nucleoprotein (NP), matrix protein (M), and non-structural protein (NS) of the swine influenza virus that circulated during the 2009 pandemic and in 2010. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolutionary divergence and genetic changes in these internal genes of the swine influenza virus strains isolated in Mexico in 2009-2010. To characterize the evolutionary history and the phylogenetic relationship among the isolated virus strains, a Maximum Likelihood Model Test analysis and a phylogenetic bootstrap test with 1000 replicates were performed. The phylogenetic relationships among the PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M and NS genes correspond to similar swine virus isolates reported in other countries. However, the PA gene from the A/swine/Mexico/Qro35/2010 (H1N1) virus is closely related to a H3N2-subtype human virus. The PB2, NP, and M genes of the Mexican swine influenza viruses that circulated during 2009 and 2010 maintained the distribution of the Triple Reassortant Internal Genes (TRIG). Significantly, our study demonstrates the presence of a human H3N2 virus PA gene in the A/swine/Mexico/Qro35/2010 (H1N1) virus.
Keywords:
Swine influenza virus Phylogenetic characterization Internal genes Mexico
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21753/vmoa.1.1.331

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