Identificación de genes ABC en monogeneos de la familia Ancyrocephalidae: enfoque in silico y con microarreglos de ADN
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La combinación de métodos moleculares es cada vez más eficiente para identificar genes en especies no modelo como los monogeneos. Estos organismos son parásitos que pueden causar problemas de salud en los peces en cautiverio o en condiciones de cultivo, por lo que es importante diseñar tratamientos efectivos que ataquen directamente los sistemas de defensa de los parásitos. Los transportadores ABC (ATP-binding cassette) son proteínas que participan en procesos de detoxificación de xenobióticos y en mecanismos de resistencia a fármacos. En monogeneos es escaso el conocimiento relacionado con los transportadores ABC. En el presente estudio se identificaron los genes putativos que codifican para proteínas ABC en dos especies de monogeneos, Scutogyrus longicornis y Cichlidogyrus spp., pertenecientes a la familia Ancyrocephalidae. Para esto se utilizaron datos transcriptómicos y microarreglos de ADN previamente publicados. Estas especies de monogeneos se encuentran comúnmente en cultivos de tilapia. En total, se predijeron 30 y 59 transportadores ABC en S. longicornis y Cichlidogyrus spp., respectivamente. Las subfamilias ABCB y ABCC fueron las más representadas. Ambas especies comparten 19 genes ABC, de los cuales pgp-1, pgp-2, pgp-3, pgp-9, mrp-1, mrp-4, abce-1, abcf-2, wht-2 y wht-8, dados sus niveles de expresión relativamente más altos, probablemente son los de mayor importancia en procesos de detoxificación en los Ancyrocephalidae. Estos resultados podrían ser de utilidad para guiar futuros trabajos experimentales que busquen mejorar las estrategias de control de monogeneos en peces.
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